Key takeaways
- A confident seller is not proof of a legitimate one.
- Check identity, authority and track record before you check the price.
- Ask existing buyers what happened after they paid.
Diaspora buyers are especially exposed here, because they often rely on a relative, a WhatsApp group or a Facebook advert. Distance is the scammer's best friend.
Individuals
- Ask for ID and proof of ownership or written authority to sell.
- If someone is selling "on behalf of" the owner, ask for a signed, dated authorisation from the owner and speak to the owner yourself.
- Be careful with sales by agents who cannot show who they work for.
Developers and cooperatives
- Ask for registration documents and confirm the entity exists.
- Ask who holds the land and in what name. If the land is held by someone else, ask on what basis the developer is selling it.
- Ask what approvals are in place and for copies, then verify them at the issuing office.
- Ask to speak to buyers from earlier phases. Find out whether they received their title or lease, and how long it took.
Estate agents
Estate agents are regulated. Ask for their registration details and confirm them with the regulator rather than relying on a certificate they show you.
Red flags
- Prices far below the market.
- Only cash or personal mobile payments.
- No written agreement, or one you are not allowed to take away.
- Reluctance to let a lawyer see the documents.
- Pressure to pay before you have seen anything.
If you are abroad
Appoint someone you can hold accountable, ideally a lawyer, to check documents and visit the site for you. Do not depend only on photos, videos and promises.
This article is general information, not legal advice.